Understanding REST Vs GraphQL: Which Is Better For APIs?

Oct 5, 2024

Introduction to API Design: REST vs. GraphQL

API, is an acronym for Application Programming Interface. It’s purpose is usually to allow different software systems to communicate & exchange data seamlessly. In other words, it is an interface that allows or enables integration from one system into another.

If your child plays with Legos, the connecting blocks and their structured design are an API. The power plugs on your walls, they also represent an API. These examples are strictly conceptual, but hopefully you get the point. It is an agreed upon format for a system to accept a connection (ie integraion) from another system.

GraphQL is new & REST is history

REST, short for Representational State Transfer, uses a straightforward approach where individual URLs represent unique resources. This just means that REST interfaces are accessed at specific URLs. For example a resource might be fetched at superapp.com/api/getUser, a REST endpoint.

GraphQL is a newer framework, and it’s development was driven by a desire to improve efficiency and reduce overhead in data exchange. Developers are drawn to it because of it’s flexibility and precision. For examlple, it allows the client to specify the exact data that is needed in a single query, providing a tailored method of communication between the client and server.

Understanding REST APIs

REST APIs rely on standard methods such as GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE to perform operations called Requests. Each Request can be described as a connection for the purpose of some resource transaction. Let’s break down the common semantic use cases for these methods:

• GET: GET requests are typically used for the purpose of requesting a resource, and are commonly referred to as Fetch or Read.
• POST: POST is usually reserved for requests where the client is sending a “body” of data to the API. And one of its most obvious use case is when adding a record to the backend. These requests are commonly known as Create or Insert.
• PUT: PUT requests are used to update an existing resource or create a new resource if it does not exist. This method is idempotent, meaning that multiple identical PUT requests will produce the same result as a single request. It is commonly referred to as Update.
• DELETE: DELETE requests are used to remove a resource. When a client sends a DELETE request, it is asking the server to delete the specified resource. This method is straightforward and is commonly known as Remove, Delete, or Destroy.

Such a methodology makes interactions predictable and easy to follow for both developers and systems.

One of the benefits of REST is its simplicity. Since it uses standard HTTP methods, developers can take advantage of pre-existing web protocols and widely adopted conventions. These standardization allow teams to quickly understand and integrate systems without the need for extensive training or specialized knowledge.

There is also a vast ecosystem surrounding REST, with plentiful resources, frameworks, and community support available. This ecosystem further cements REST’s role in modern API development and makes it a go-to option for many developers.

Understanding GraphQL

GraphQL provides a powerful approach to handling data queries. Unlike REST, GraphQL allows clients to request only the information they need within a single endpoint. This design makes it possible to tailor responses perfectly to the client’s requirements, which becomes especially useful when handling complex and nested data models.

GraphQL’s single endpoint strategy vastly simplifies interactions by reducing the number of requests required. Rather than needing to call several URLs to compile the necessary data, developers can jump into one well-structured query that brings together all essential details in one go. Many developers have found that this method reduces latency and improves overall application performance, particularly in data-intensive applications.

The framework also features a strong type system that lays out the structure of data clearly. With explicit data declarations, developers can build and maintain APIs with a clearer understanding of what to expect in every response. This clarity not only facilitates initial development but also makes future revisions less error-prone. GraphQL’s design encourages precise mapping of queries to data structures, fostering consistency and reducing the chances of miscommunication between client and server.

Going further, GraphQL supports real-time updates and subscriptions, which can be a game changer for applications requiring live data feed. Its flexibility combined with efficient data handling is why many modern applications are adopting GraphQL, particularly when they need to handle multifaceted data scenarios and multiple data sources efficiently.

Frequently Asked Questions

I have compiled some common questions that I have encountered when discussing API design with colleagues and in various technical forums. These questions and their answers can help clarify many of the uncertainties that developers face:

When should I choose REST over GraphQL?

If your project needs a straightforward design with fixed endpoints and you prefer using well-known standards, REST might be the right option. It is easier to implement in projects with simple data requirements and has extensive community support.

What if my application requires complex data requests?

When dealing with nested data and the need to fetch only specific details, GraphQL becomes more effective. It allows you to ask for just what is needed in one query, reducing overhead and speeding up response times.

Can GraphQL replace REST entirely?

In some cases, GraphQL can serve as a full replacement for REST. However, many applications adopt a hybrid approach, using REST for simpler requirements and GraphQL for complex data retrieval. It depends on the specific use case and project requirements.

How do I handle error responses in GraphQL?

GraphQL sends detailed error responses that help pinpoint which part of the query failed. I recommend setting up strong logging and monitoring systems to track errors effectively. This proactive approach makes it easier to resolve issues when they arise.

Wrapping Up

Both REST and GraphQL offer valuable approaches to API design, so choosing the best option depends largely on the project requirements and your team’s familiarity with each method. REST is known for its simplicity and widespread support, which is ideal for straightforward applications. GraphQL, with its flexible and precise query system, is excellent when handling complex data demands and optimizing network performance.

I encourage you to experiment with both methods to see which one aligns best with your project goals. Start with simpler requirements and gradually incorporate more complex functionalities as your confidence grows. In doing so, you not only refine your technical abilities but also ensure that your application remains robust and adaptable to future challenges.